What Safety Device Must Be Fitted to a Trailer?

When towing a trailer, safety should always be a top priority. A securely attached and well-equipped trailer reduces the risk of accidents, ensuring both your safety and that of other road users.

In the UK, specific safety devices must be fitted to trailers to comply with road laws and prevent dangerous situations.

Many accidents occur due to improperly hitched trailers or missing essential safety equipment.

This is why the government has implemented strict guidelines for trailer towing. But what are these essential devices, and how do they function?

In this guide, we will explore the key safety devices required for trailers in the UK and how they contribute to safe towing.

Why Are Safety Devices Essential for Towing a Trailer?

Safety devices play a crucial role in preventing accidents and ensuring that your trailer remains securely attached to your vehicle.

Without them, there is a high risk of detachment, loss of control, or legal violations.

Key Reasons for Using Trailer Safety Devices

• Prevents Accidents: Proper safety devices ensure that the trailer does not detach unexpectedly.
• Legal Compliance: The UK has strict towing laws that require the use of specific safety devices.
• Protects Other Road Users: A loose trailer can pose a serious hazard to other vehicles and pedestrians.
• Enhances Stability: Safety chains, breakaway cables, and braking systems contribute to better trailer control.
• Reduces Financial Risk: Failing to equip your trailer with necessary safety devices can lead to fines, penalties, or even liability for damages.

By ensuring your trailer is fitted with the right safety devices, you minimize the risk of accidents and create a safer driving environment for everyone on the road.

What Safety Device Must Be Fitted to a Trailer?

The primary safety device that must be fitted to a trailer is a breakaway cable or secondary coupling (depending on trailer weight and braking system).

These devices ensure that if the trailer becomes detached from the towing vehicle, it does not roll away uncontrollably.

Breakaway Cable (For Braked Trailers Over 750kg)

• Engages the trailer’s brakes automatically if it detaches.
• Legally required for trailers fitted with brakes.
• Must be securely attached to a strong point on the towing vehicle.

Safety Chains (For Unbraked Trailers Under 750kg)

• Prevents the trailer from separating completely if detached.
• Must be properly secured to the towing vehicle.
• Required for light trailers without their own braking system.

Fitting the correct safety device ensures compliance with UK law and enhances safety for both the driver and other road users.

What Is a Breakaway Cable and Why Is It Required in the UK?

A breakaway cable is a small but crucial safety device attached to trailers with braking systems. It is connected to a secure point on the towing vehicle and acts as a failsafe if the trailer accidentally detaches.

If the trailer disconnects while driving, the breakaway cable pulls on the handbrake mechanism, activating the trailer’s brakes to bring it to a stop.

UK law mandates that all trailers with brakes must have a properly attached breakaway cable.

To ensure its effectiveness:

• Always check the cable for wear and tear before towing.
• Attach it to a fixed, strong point on the vehicle (not the tow ball).
• Replace the cable immediately if it is frayed or damaged.

Neglecting to use a breakaway cable could lead to serious accidents and legal penalties.

How Do Trailer Braking Systems Work?

Trailer braking systems are crucial for maintaining control and stability when towing, especially for heavier loads.

These systems help slow the trailer down in sync with the towing vehicle, preventing excessive strain on the towing vehicle’s brakes and reducing the risk of jackknifing or losing control.

Two Primary Types of Trailer Braking Systems

• Overrun Brakes (Surge Brakes): These operate mechanically and engage when the towing vehicle slows down. The forward momentum of the trailer compresses a hydraulic cylinder in the coupling, activating the trailer’s brakes.
• Electric Brakes: Controlled via a brake controller inside the towing vehicle, these brakes allow the driver to adjust braking power based on road conditions and trailer load.

In the UK, trailers with a gross weight over 750kg must have a braking system fitted.

Regular maintenance is essential, including checking brake pads, fluid levels, and ensuring the braking mechanism is functioning correctly before every journey.

Are Safety Chains Mandatory for Trailers in the UK?

Safety chains provide an extra layer of security by keeping the trailer attached to the towing vehicle if the hitch fails.

In the UK, safety chains are mandatory for unbraked trailers (under 750kg) to prevent complete detachment.

However, for braked trailers, a breakaway cable is required instead to activate the trailer’s braking system in case of separation.

When using safety chains, it is important to follow proper attachment procedures:

• The chain must be strong enough to handle the trailer’s weight.
• Crossing the chains underneath the trailer tongue prevents it from hitting the ground if disconnected.
• Secure attachment points on both the trailer and vehicle are necessary for maximum safety.

Although safety chains are not required for braked trailers, many drivers still use them for added security.

Regularly inspecting safety chains for wear and tear ensures they remain effective in preventing accidents.

What Additional Safety Devices Should Be Fitted to a Trailer?

In addition to legally required devices like breakaway cables and safety chains, several additional safety devices enhance the security and performance of a trailer.

These extra measures help improve visibility, prevent accidents, and provide solutions in emergency situations.

Essential Safety Devices for a Trailer

• Trailer Lights and Reflectors: Improve visibility, especially at night or in poor weather conditions.
• Spare Tyre and Wheel Brace: Essential for handling unexpected flat tyres.
• Number Plate Matching the Towing Vehicle: Legally required to ensure proper identification.
• Tyre Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS): Helps maintain stability by preventing underinflated tyres.
• Hitch Lock: Prevents theft by securing the trailer hitch when parked.

Fitting these additional safety devices helps ensure compliance with UK road laws while also making towing safer for both the driver and other road users.

Regularly inspecting and maintaining these components further enhances road safety and reduces the risk of unexpected issues.

How Can You Ensure a Trailer Hitch Is Properly Secured?

A properly secured trailer hitch is essential for safe towing and preventing detachment while driving.

Before setting off, always perform a thorough check of the hitch mechanism to ensure it is locked correctly.

• Inspect the coupling mechanism: The hitch should click securely onto the tow ball with no excessive movement.
• Check the breakaway cable: Attach it to a strong, fixed point on the towing vehicle, ensuring it’s not too loose or too tight.
• Confirm hitch security: Pull up on the hitch to ensure it won’t detach under strain.
• Examine tow ball and mounting points: Look for any signs of wear, rust, or cracks that may weaken the connection.
• Secure safety chains: If required, they should be correctly attached and crossed beneath the trailer tongue.

Regular inspections and maintenance help ensure a safe and secure towing experience.

What Are the UK Legal Requirements for Towing a Trailer?

Towing a trailer in the UK requires compliance with specific legal requirements to ensure safety. Failing to meet these regulations can result in fines or invalidation of insurance.

• Driving Licence Category: If the combined weight of your vehicle and trailer exceeds certain limits, a B+E licence may be required.
• Trailer Weight Limit: The trailer must not exceed the vehicle’s maximum towing capacity, as specified by the manufacturer.
• Braking System: Trailers over 750kg must have independent brakes for safe stopping.
• Lighting and Reflectors: Functional indicators, brake lights, and reflectors are mandatory for visibility.
• Matching Number Plate: The trailer must display the same registration plate as the towing vehicle.

Always check DVLA guidelines before towing to ensure compliance with UK law.

How to Prevent a Trailer from Becoming Unhitched While Driving?

Preventing a trailer from becoming unhitched is crucial for road safety. A secure connection between the trailer and towing vehicle reduces the risk of accidents.

• Double-check the hitch: Ensure it is properly locked onto the tow ball before setting off.
• Secure the breakaway cable: Attach it to a strong point on the towing vehicle to activate the trailer brakes if it detaches.
• Inspect and maintain the hitch: Regularly check for signs of wear or mechanical failure.
• Use safety chains: If legally required, attach them correctly to prevent complete detachment.
• Avoid overloading: Exceeding the weight limit increases the risk of detachment.
• Drive cautiously: Sudden braking or acceleration can loosen the hitch or cause instability.

Following these safety measures helps ensure a secure and trouble-free towing experience.

What Are the Best Practices for Towing a Trailer Safely?

Towing a trailer requires skill and careful driving to prevent accidents. Practicing safety measures ensures better control and stability.

• Maintain a controlled speed: Allow for longer braking distances and avoid sudden acceleration.
• Make wider turns: The added length of the trailer requires extra space to turn without hitting curbs or vehicles.
• Perform pre-trip safety checks: Inspect the lights, brakes, hitch security, and tyre pressure before departure.
• Secure the load properly: Ensure cargo is well-balanced and secured to prevent shifting.
• Watch for trailer sway: Adjust speed or redistribute the load if the trailer starts swaying.
• Use extended mirrors: Improve visibility when changing lanes or reversing.

Regular maintenance and cautious driving make towing a trailer safer and more efficient.

Conclusion

Towing a trailer safely and legally in the UK requires careful preparation, proper equipment, and adherence to safety regulations.

Breakaway cables, safety chains, and braking systems play a vital role in preventing accidents and ensuring that the trailer remains securely attached. Conducting pre-trip inspections and following best towing practices help minimize risks on the road.

UK laws mandate specific weight limits, licence categories, and trailer lighting requirements, making compliance essential for safe towing.

Regular maintenance of your trailer’s hitch, brakes, and tyres significantly reduces the chances of breakdowns and detachment incidents.

Driving with caution, securing the load properly, and checking your equipment before each trip enhance overall road safety.

By staying informed about UK towing laws and equipping your trailer with the necessary safety devices, you can ensure a secure and hassle-free towing experience.

FAQs About What Safety Device Must Be Fitted to a Trailer

How should you load your trailer?

Always distribute the weight evenly, placing heavier items near the axle. Ensure that the load is properly secured to prevent shifting during transit.

What should you do before you tow a trailer for the first time?

Check that the hitch is securely attached, the breakaway cable is properly fitted, and the lights and brakes are functional. Drive at a slower speed initially to get used to handling the trailer.

What must you do when you hitch a trailer to a towing vehicle?

Ensure the hitch is locked in place, the breakaway cable is connected, and the safety chains are attached (if required). Double-check the trailer’s lights and indicators before driving.

Do all trailers need a breakaway cable in the UK?

Only braked trailers over 750kg require a breakaway cable by law. Unbraked trailers must use a safety chain instead.

How often should you inspect your trailer’s safety devices?

Trailer safety devices should be checked before every journey and inspected thoroughly every few months. Regular maintenance prevents mechanical failures and enhances towing safety.

What is the difference between a breakaway cable and safety chains?

A breakaway cable activates the trailer’s brakes if it detaches, while safety chains prevent complete separation. Breakaway cables are required for braked trailers, while chains are used for unbraked trailers.

Do I need insurance for towing a trailer in the UK?

Yes, many insurance policies require additional coverage for towing a trailer. Check with your insurer to ensure your trailer is covered in case of damage or accidents.